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英语单词复数形式的规律

作者:职业培训 时间: 2025-01-18 00:20:57 阅读:420

15 构成法:一个名词如果表示一个或一样东西,它取单数形式,如pen,dog,tree,fact,church,kiss.如果表示两个或更多这类东西,则需用名词的复数形式,如pens,dogs,trees,facts,churches,kisses.构成名词复数,大多数是在单数形式后加-s或-es,有下面6种情况:

a.在单数形式后直接加-s:

girl girls hat hats

neck necks tree trees

pencil pencils kind kings

b.如单数名词以s,x,sh,ch或z结尾,需在后面加-es:

kiss kisses church churches

fox foxes match matches

tax taxes watch watches

dish dishes branch branches

brush brushes buzz buzzes

c.以y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es:

lady ladies army armies

baby babies story stories

soliloquy soliloquies colloquy colloquies

如果y前还有一个元音字母,则直接加-s:

day days key keys

boy boys monkey monkeys

d.以o结尾的词,多数加-s:

demo demos inferno infernos

kilo kilos tempo tempos

cello cellos memo memos

banjo banjos octavo octavos

piano pianos canto cantos

dynamo dynamos tobacco tobaccos

solo solos photo photos

cameo cameos ratio ratios

以“元音字母+o”结尾的词,一概加-s:curios,rodeos,bamboos,tattoos,…

但有少数以o 结尾的词后需加-es:

echo,echoes; embargo,embargoes; jingo,jingoes; torpe- do;torpedoes;veto,vetoes;hero,heroes;negro,ne-groes;potato,potatoes;mosquito,mosquitoes;go,goes;no,noes;motto,mottoes.

其他以o结尾的词,一般既可加-s,也可加-es:

zero,zeros,zeroes;halo,halos,haloes;mango,mangos,mangoes.此外还有:motto;tornado;volcano;cargo;buffalo;commando.

e.以f或fe结尾的词,多数直接加-s:

chief chiefs reef reefs

cliff cliffs cuff cuffs

roof roofs fife fifes

belief beliefs safe safes

gulf gulfs strife strifes

但有几个名词,需变f为v,再加es:

elf elves leaf leaves

calf calves thlef thleves

shelf shelves loaf loaves

half halves life lives

self selves wife wives

wolf wolves knife knives

有个别名词,可加-s或-es:

hoof hoofs,hooves wharf wharfs,wharves

scarf scarfs,scarves dwarf dwarfs,dwarves

beef beefs,beeves staff staffs,staves

16 词尾读音:-s或-es 可读作[s],[iz]或[z]:

a.在清辅音(Voiceless Consonant)后读[s],如:

cups[k)ps],shapes[Meips],hats [h$ts],dates[deits],dochs[d&ks],lakes[leiks],monarchs['m&n+ks],fifes[faifs],roofs[ru:fs],laughs[la:fs],coughs[k&fs],pho-tographs ['f+t+gra:fs].

在th后多数读[s],如: cloths[kl&Is],month[m)nIs],myths[miIs].但在少数情况下也读[z],如:

path[pa:I],paths[pa: J z]

oath[+uI],oaths[+uJz]

mouth[mauI],mouths[mauJz]

wreath[ri:I],wreaths[ri:Jz]

bath[ba:I],baths[ba:Jz]

th 前有长元音或双元音时读作: youths[ju:Jz],truths[truJz],sheaths[Mi:Jz].

b.在s,z,M,tM,DN等音后读[iz]:

kisses['kisiz] foxes['f&ksiz]

dishes['diMiz] churches['tM+:tMiz]

languages['l$Rgwidziz] roses['r+uziz]

c.在其他情况下均读[z],如:

dogs[d&gz],pens[penz],boys[b&iz],girls[g+:lz],names[neimz],cities['sitiz],ways[weiz].

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