一、切实抓好词汇教学,让学生过好词汇关
语法填空旨在考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。从学生的答卷来看,在提示性填空题中,因不知道所给单词词性,造成无从下笔填写是学生在解答语法填空中存大的一个较突出的问题。由于上述原因造成的错填、误填现象层出不穷,如有的学生在句子需填主语的空上填了谓语动词形式、副词等,而在需填谓语动词形式的空上填了名词、介词等。所以在平时的词汇教学中,教师要求学生在记忆单词的词义的同时,也要提醒他们记忆词汇的词性,并让学生明白不同词性的词汇在句子中的功用的异同,如主语可由名词或相当于名词的一类词担当,谓语是由动词担当等,以此来降低或减少学生的错答率。另外,让学生记住常用的动词短语、介词短语和重要的句子结构等是必要的。掌握解题技巧能有效地提高学生的解题效率,但如果没有充足的词汇量,让学生掌握再多的解题技巧都能只是空话。
二、让学生掌握解题技巧,提高解题效率
“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”。解题技巧可以帮助学生在更短的时间里更有效地答题。语法填空的正确解题步骤是:1、浏览全文,把握语篇2、边读边填,先易后难 3、验证复查,清除难点。语法填空在设题方面分为自由填空类和提示性填空类。自由填空类其考查的语言项目主要有:行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在平时训练及复习这些语法要点的时候,教师可采取自由填空的练习方式对学生进行训练。提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有:动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。至于具体空格上填写什么词,教师应指导学生在了解全文大意后,从语篇着手,并联系上下文,可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配,及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解,行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填充。这样学生掌握解题技巧后,相应的提高解题效率,他们就能信心百倍地应对考试了。
三、让学生明确考点,了解高考命题特点及指向
只有让学生明确考点,解题时才能做到有的放矢。在教学中,教师要向学生说明语法填空的高考必考点,下面是语法填空的必考语法项目:
1. 考查介词,包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on,in,at,with,by,through等。如2010年高考考查了with表伴随的用法:the young man went home____35_____a happy heart.;2009年考查了介词on和at: jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. she found some good quality pipes 37 sale., when jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper.
2. 考查连词,包括表转折but,while、并列and,or、因果because,so等连词。如2008年高考考查了连词but:he was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.
3. 考查副词,包括形容词转化成副词时的一般情况及特殊情况,如warm→warmly,true→truly;“le”结尾e改y如:possible→possibly,probable→probably等。2010年考查了副词warmly,如题:his teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.;另外,2007年高考考查了副词merrily,如题:we drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.
4. 考查形容词,一般常考查比较级或最高级形式,如2010、2008年高考均考查了形容词的比较级sweeter和higher,如题:the teacher replied, “you tasted the water. i tasted the gift. the water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. nothing could be ___39___ (sweet).”(2010年高考);he was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). (2008年高考)。另外考生需注意词性转化,像过去分词用作为形容词,如experienced editors中的experienced(有经验的);或是由名词转化为形容词,如名词detail转化成形容词detailed(详细的)等。
5. 考查代词,代词的种类繁多,包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等,其中近年来对指示代词it 在句中指代事物、不定式或从句的用法较常见,如2010和2008年高考题就考查了it代事物的用法,如题:he asked his teacher,” sir, the water was awful. why did you pretend to like 38 ?”(2010高考), it is said that a short –tempered man in song dynasty was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. he was thinking about 34 day and night.(2008高考)还有09高考考查了it指代不定式的用法:she remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable christmas present for her father.
6. 考查冠词,考生应非常明确冠词a,an,the的功用。对冠词的考查方面,2010年高考考查了定冠词the的特指用法:a young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.____31____water was sweet.另外,近年来高考对冠词a基本用法的考查非常频繁。如2009年高考第33空:besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience : people stepped on your feet or 34 (push)you with their elbows(肘部),hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.;再如2007年高考第35空:…, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage.
7. 考查谓语动词,包括考查谓语动词的时态及语态方面。教学大纲要求学生掌握的常考时态有数十种。在语法填空题中,对一般过式时的考查是近几年高考的重点考查对象,如2007年高考:the sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote village.考查了谓语动词break的过去式broke;2009年高考:…, people stepped your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.考查了push的过去式;her mother was excited. “your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” jane 4 0 (inform). 考查了inform的一般过去被动式;再如2010高考:after a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.考查了present的一般过去式。
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