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1. 一般现在时

标志：动词原形

描述经常性或习惯性动作：She often speaks English.

表示现在的状态、特征：He works as a driver.

描述真理、客观存在：Shanghai lies in the east of China.

表示现在瞬间的动作：Here comes the bus!

2. 一般过去时

标志：动词过去式

描述过去某时所发生的动作：Jim rang you just now.

表示过去经常或反复发生的动作：She used to visit her mother once a week.

用于婉转、客气、礼貌的语气：Would you mind my sitting here?

虚拟语气中表示过去时间的动作：It is time that sb. did sth.

3. 一般将来时

标志：will / shall + 动词原形

描述将来发生的动作：We shall have a lot of rain next month.

表示倾向性和习惯性：Fish will die without water.

4. 现在进行时

标志：be + 动词的现在分词

描述正在发生或持续的动作：She is writing a letter upstairs.

表示反复出现或习惯性的动作：John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.

5. 过去进行时

标志：was / were + 动词的现在分词

描述过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作：I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.

描述过去反复出现或习惯性的动作：My brother was always losing his keys.

6. 现在完成时

标志：have / has + 动词的过去分词

表示过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果：He has left the city.

描述一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在：I have been busy since last week.

表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态：I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.

7. 过去完成时

标志：had + 动词的过去分词

表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态：He had left when I arrived.

描述从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态：We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.

8. 过去将来时

标志：would + 动词原形

表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态：He said he would come here next Friday.

描述过去的动作习惯或倾向：When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.

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