英语句子的种类,主要包括祈使句、陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、并列句与复合句,以及基本句型。
祈使句用以表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等。例如命令句:“Go and wash your hands.”;请求句:“Be quiet, please.”;劝告句:“Be kind to our sisters.”;警告句:“Watch your step!”;禁止句:“Keep off the grass.”和“Don't park here.”。祈使句的否定通常使用“Don't…”结构。例如:“Don't let the dog in.”;“Don't touch that.”;“Don't be silly.”。
在祈使句中,主语通常被省略,动词使用一般现在时态,句末用句号结束。
强调句结构常见于英语中,由“it”引导,强调句型为“it is (was) 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子其他部分”。此结构主要强调主语、宾语、状语。例如:“It is the sun that we get light from.”;“It was yesterday that I saw the movie.”
强调句的连词只有“that”和“who”。当强调的是人且为句子主语时,用“who”。其他情况,用“that”。例如:“It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday.”;“It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday.”;“It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.”;“It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday.”
强调句的否定形式通常为去掉强调部分后的句子加上“not”,例如:“It is not ten years since Miss Green returned to.”强调句结构不适用于“when”引导的句子。
在句子结构上,英语句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句包含一个主谓结构,如:“She is fond of collecting.”。并列句由两个或多个主谓结构组成,通过并列连词或分号连接,例如:“The food was good, but he had little appetite.”。复合句包含一个主句和一个或多个从句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:“The film had begun when we got to the cinema.”。
基本句型是构成英语句子的基础,包括:主语+动词(SV),主语+动词+宾语(SVO),主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC),主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOiOd)等五种基本句型。例如:“I work.”;“John is busy.”;“She studies English.”;“Time would prove me right.”
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