回答：1. 引导英语定语从句的关联词有关系代词(that , which, as作主语、宾语; whose作定语; who作主语、宾语; whom作宾语; when , where , why分别作时间、地点、原因状语。

2. 引导英语名词从句的关联词有连接词( that, if, whether不作任何成分)、连接代词(which, what, who作主语、宾语、表语; whose作定语、表语，宾语; whom作宾语、表语; whatever, whichever, whoever作主语、表语、宾语; whomever作宾语、表语)、连接副词( when, where, why, how分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语)。

3. 引导英语状语从句的关联词有if, unless, whether, when, where, how, before, after, until, once，till，as if, as though, so that，in order that, whenever, wherever, however, as, since, though，although，no matter+疑问词, because, as long as， as soon as，now that，in that，in case, immediately，the moment, the minute，the second，the instant 等。一般来说，大部分引导状语从句的连词不作句子成分，但"疑问词+-ever"的词，如whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever, however, 它们在状语从句中可分别作主语、宾语、表语，状语。另外，在"no matter +疑问词" 引导状语从句时，其中的疑问词在状语从句中分别作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语。例如：

Whatever (宾语)you say, I won't go.

However(状语) I did it, he was not satisfied with it.

Whoever(主语) finds the child, do tell me at once.

No matter which(定语) team wins, we will givem five.

No matter who (宾语)you do it with, you must finish it on time.

No matter when(状语) you go, do ring me up.

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