主语:是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略，表示句子描述的是"谁"或"什么"，是谓语的陈述对象；通常由名词＼代词＼动词不定式＼动名词或从句担任．例如：

1 [Walls] have ears.(名词做主语)

2 [He] will take you to the hosipital.(代词做主语)

3 [Three] plus four equals seven.(数词做主语)

4 [To see] is to believe.(动词不定式做主语)

5 [Smoking] is not allowed in public places.(动名词做主语)

6 [The sick] were taken care of by the local doctors and nurses and [the wounded] were taken to the nearby army hospital.(名词化形容词或分词)

7 [The People's Republic of China] is a great country.(词组做主语)

8 [Whether or not they will come] depends on the weather.(从句做主语)

谓语:说明主语的性质\特征\状态或身份,根据不同的情况可有不同的时态和语态,谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任.助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词.例:

1 Action speak luoder than words.speak

2 The chance may never come again.may come

3 Tom was very sick at heart. was

4 Mary has been working at the dress store since 1999.has been working

6 He was not recognized by many people.was not recognized

宾语:表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语,是动作的对象或承受者,包括同源宾语\介词宾语\直接宾语,表示动作的承受者;\间接宾语,表示动作对谁或为谁做.例:

We love China.China

He gave me a book.me是间接宾语,book是直接宾语

直接宾语

1 She covered [her face] with her hands.(名词短语做宾语)

2 We haven't seen [her] for a long time.(代词做宾语)

3 Do you mind [opening] the window?(动名词做宾语)

4 Give me [four],please!(数词做宾语)

5 He wants [to dream ]a nice dream.(动词不定式短语做宾语)

6 The strdents have already learned [how to treat these common diseases].(词组做宾语)

7 Make the past serve [the present] and foreign things serve China.(名词化形容词或分词做宾语)

8 We need to know [what others are doing].(从句做宾语)

间接宾语:

1 Give [him] some money.

2 She told [the children] an interesting story.

3 He bought [me] a New English-Chinese Dictionary.

4 Each time he returns from abroad, he brings [us] something new.

同源宾语:有些不及物动词后可有一个与该动词意义相似的名词.这种动词就是同源宾语,例:

1 He died a worthy [death].

2 We live a happy [life].

3 The patient has slipt [a good sleep].

介词宾语:

1 The far-reaching significance of [the political and economic reforms] is becoming more and more evident.(名词作介词宾语)

2 We are highly delighted with [what we have seen recently].(从句作介词宾语)

3 The medical workers shoew great concern for the sufferings of [the sick and the wounded].(动名词和名词化形容词及分词作介词宾语)

4 The nurses look after [us] with care.(代词和名词作介词宾语)

5 I live in [Japan] in [1986].(名词和数词作介词宾语)

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