现在完成时主要应用在以下几种情境：

1. 完成的动作：动作发生在过去，直到现在结束。标志词有：just, already, yet，以及in the past few years。例如：

Tim has just finished his work.

I have already had dinner.

Have you received the mail yet?

2. 持续的动作：动作从过去开始，持续到现在，甚至可能持续下去。使用for+时间段或since+从句。例如：

I have studied English for about ten years.

Tom has been away from his hometown since he was a teenager.

3. 经历：强调过去发生的事对现在的影响。用never, ever, once, twice, three times表示，how many times用于提问。例如：

Alice has never been late for school.

I have climbed the mountain twice.

How many times have you ever been there?

4. 表示将来动作：在状语从句中使用现在完成时来暗示将来的动作。例如：

I will come to you when I have finished my homework.

特殊情况包括：

1. 自从过去的时间/时间段以来，用于否定句。例如：

I haven't seen you for ages, where have you been?

The rain hasn't stopped since two hours/three hours ago.

2. 非延续性动词与一段时间连用，仅用于否定句。

3. 表示将来动作时，需要替换非延续性动词。例如：

it can't be John, he has gone to town.

Alex knows the town well, she has been there before.

非延续性动词在现在完成时的使用需要注意替换。

4. 非延续性动词与现在完成时的结合需注意时态和语义调整。例如：

it's the second time that I have heard of the movie star.

that is the only party that I have enjoyed so far

this is the most meaningful present that I have received in my life.

5. 自从某个时间或事件以来，动作是否延续或停止取决于谓语动词的性质。例如：

I haven't heard from her since we saw her off at the airport last year. 时间顺延

it's three years since he was a doctor(他不当医生有三年了)

it is two months since the couple lived together(这对夫妇有两个月没有住在一起了)

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