直接引语和间接引语的解释如下：

间接引语引述别人的话,如果照原话重述,称为直接引语；直接引语要加引号。 如果用引述者的话转述说话的内容,称为间接引语；间接引语不加引号。 举例如下:

直接引语:“I, too, will try a seventh time,”cried Bruce.

间接引语: Bruce said that he, too, would try a seventh time.

使用间接引语要注意:

1、时态要一致: 如果主句谓语(例如 say) 是过去时态,引语中的谓语也要用过去时态:

1)She said:“They are very fond of sports.”

She said that they were very fond of sports.

2)“I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,”he said.

He said he would go over the grammer lesson once again.

3)Mary said:“I have read up to page 25.”

Mary said she had read up to page 25.

4）“I bought the book at a second hand book shop,”she said.

She said that she had bought the book at a second hand book shop.

2、人称代词和物主代词要作相应的调整:

1)“I've just got a letter from my sister,”Jane said.

Jane said she had just got a letter from her sister.

2)“We'll come to see you again when we have time,”our friends said.

Our friends said that they would come to see us again when they had time.

3、某些时间和地点状语要作相应的调整:

1)Joe said:“I arrived yesterday (this morning, two days ago).”

Joe said he arrived the day before (that morning, two days before).

2)“I'll be in the office tonight (tomorrow),” she said.

She said she would be in the office that night (the next day).

3)“I'll be here all day,”he said.

He said he would be there all day.

特殊问句、一般问句、祈使句如何从直接引语变为间接引语。在把特殊问句变为间接引语的时候,除了要把时态、代词、状语作相应的调整外,还要注意把问句的语序改为陈述句的语序,例如:

1) “What are you looking for, Tom?” Anne asked.

Anne asked Tom what he was looking for.

2) “Where did you leave the key?” Henry asked.

Henry asked me where I had left the key.

如果引述的是一般问句,除上述各点外,还要注意在间接引语前用连词 whether 或 if, 例如:

1) “Have you finished reading the book, George?” Betty asked.

Betty asked whether (if) George had finished reading the book.

2) Harry asked me: “Do you know where Jane lives?”

Harry asked me whether (if) I knew where Jane lived.

如果引述的是祈使句,要用 ask one to, tell one to, order one to 等词组,三者代表不同的口气(请求,让,命令),如何选用要根据原话口气决定。 例如:

1) “Don't be late again, Frank,” the teacher said.

The teacher told Frank not to be late again. (命令)

2) “Please pass me that dictionary,” she said.

She asked me to pass her that dictionary. (请求)

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