We go to school from Monday to Friday.
我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6
)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7
)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词
如:
have breakfast
,
play chess
8
)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
I can't write without pen or pencil.
没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了
字。
9
)当
by
与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;
by bus
,
by train
;
10
)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:
school
,
college
,
prison
,
market
,
hospital
,
bed
,
table
,
class
,
town
,
church
,
court
等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;
go to hospital
去医院看病
go to the hospital
去医院
(
并不是去看病,而是有其他目的
)
11)
不用冠词的序数词;
a.
序数词前有物主代词
b.
序数词作副词
He came first in the race.
c.
在固定词组中
at (the) first,first of all,
from first to last
二、定冠词考点聚焦
1
)定冠词的使用情况
(
1
)使用定冠词的一般情况。
①特指或第二次提到。
②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。
③用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。
(
2
)定冠词使用特殊的场合。
① He hit him in the face.
beat
sb.
on
the
nose,
take
sb.
by
the
arm,
pat
sb.
on
the
head②
the
rich,
the poor, the wounded
富人,穷人,伤员
③ the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two
两者中较年长的一
位,较漂亮的一个
④ The sooner, the better.越快越好。
⑤ He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。
by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year„
但:
by weight
按重量
⑥ in the 50s /in the 1870s(表示年代)
⑦ the Smiths/the W
hites
(表示一家人或夫妇俩)
⑧ in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain
⑨ tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home
⑩ 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容,特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时,
它与定冠词连用:
She is fond of music.
He is playing the music written by Beethoven.
Good advice is beyond price.
I’m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.
2
)定冠词使用范围快速回顾:
定冠词
the
与指示代词
this
,
that
同源,有
"
那(这)个
"
的意思,但较弱,可
以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1
)特指双方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine.
把药吃了。
2
)上文提到过的人或事:
He bought a house.
I've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3
)指世上独一物二的事物:
the sun
,
the sky
,
the moon
,
the earth
4
)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:
the dollar
美元
;
the
fox
狐狸;
或与形容词或分词连用,
表示一类人:
the
rich
富人
;
the
living
生者。
5
)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词
only
,
very
,
same
等前面:
Where do you live?
I live on the second floor.
你住在哪?我住在
二层。
That's
the
very
thing
I've
been
looking
for.
那正是我要找的东西。
6
)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
They are the teachers of this school.
指全体教师
)
They are teachers of this school.
(
指部分教师
)
7
)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:
She caught me by the arm..
她抓住了我的手臂。
8
)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国
the United States
美国
9
)用在表示乐器的名词之前:
She plays the piano.
她会弹钢琴。
10)
用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
the Greens
格林一家人
(
或格林夫妇
)
11)
用在惯用语中:
in the day, in the morning (afternoon
,
evening),
the day after
tomorrow
the day before yesterday,
the next morning,
in the sky (water
,
field
,
country)
in the dark,
in the rain,
in the distance,
in the middle (of),
in the end,
on the whole,
by the way,
go to the theatre
三、
不定
冠词考点聚焦
3.
不定冠词用法归纳总结:
1
)不定冠词用法总纲:
(
1
)表示“一”相当于“one”。I’ll return in a day or two.
(
2
)表示“每”相当于“per”。
We have three meals a day.
(
3
)表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。
The children are of an age.
(
4
)表示类指,表示“某类”。
He wants to he a doctor.
(
5
)表示泛指,相当于“any”。
A horse is a useful animal.
(
6
)表示某一个,相当于“a certain”。
A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.
(
7
)与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”,如:
a
pleasure
一件
乐事,
a surprise
一件令人惊讶的事,
a joy
一件高兴的事,
a pity
一件遗憾
的事,
an honour
一个(件)经以为荣的人
(
事
)
。
(
8
)与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵、一份”。
What a heavy rain!
What a good supper!
Please give me a black coffee!
2
)不定冠词用法快速回顾:
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指
明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(
the
Definite
Article
),
另一种是不定冠词(
the Indefinite Article
),还有一种是零冠词(
Zero
Article
)。
不定冠词
a (an)
与数词
one
同源,是
"
一个
"
的意思。
a
用于辅音音素前,
一般读作
[e]
,而
an
则用于元音音素前,一般读做
[en]
。
1)
表示
"
一个
"
,意为
one
;指某人或某物,意为
a certain
。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2)
代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3)
词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many
a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while
/ after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a
sudden
4.
冠词表类别的常见方式
(
1
)定冠词
+
单数可数名词,表示一个,代表一类。
The computer was invented in 1945.
The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.
The horse is a useful animal.
(
2
)不定冠词
+
单数可数名词(表示任意一个,某一个)。
A pen is a tool for writing.
A square has four sides.
A horse is a useful animal.
注意:
man, woman
表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:
Man is fighting a battle against pollution.
Man tries to be the protector of woman.
(
3
)可数名词或不可数名词,指类别(考虑到同类中的各个情况)。
Horses are useful animals.
Rice is a kind of food.
5.
冠词位置问题
(
1
)不定冠词
+
副词
+
形容词
+
名词。
This is a very interesting story.
(
2
)
such
、
what
、
both
、
all
、
quite
、
rather +
不定冠词
+
形容词
+
名词。
I’ve never seen such a film!
Half a pound of pork,please!
What a good idea it is!
(
3
)
as
、
so
、
too
、
how
、
however
、
enough+
形容词
+
不定冠词
+
名词。
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
I can’t finish the task in so short a time.
This seems not too long a distance.
We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.
However low te price you paid,you waste your money.
He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.
(
4
)定冠词位置。
①half、
twice
、
three times + the +
名词
He paid twice the price for it.
Their house is three times the size of yours.
②all、
both
、
double + the +
名词
Both the blind men were mistaken.
All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.
I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.The warmth of ____________sweater will of course be determined by the
sort of ___________wool used.
(
NMET 2001
)
A
.
The the B
.
the / C
.
/; the D
.
/; /
解析:答案为
B
。第一空格为特指,交待
the
warmth
的内容,第二空格为泛指,
the
sort
of
wool
used
所用羊毛的种类。
此题有三点需注意:
①正确理解
sweater
这一句词在句中的类别。
②掌握
determine
在句中作“决定”、
“取决于”这个
意思。③掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。
2.Most animals have little connection with_________animals
of___________different kind unless they kill them for food.
(
NMET 2000
)
A
.the „ a B./ „ a C.the „ the D./ „ the
解析:答案为
B
。名词复数表类别,其前不用冠词,故第一个空格不填冠词,表
不定概念的“一种”,“某种”要用不定冠词
a
。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种
表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况,见前面要点考点聚
焦内容。
3.Paper money was in___________use in China when Marco Polo visited the
country in __________thirteenth century.
(
NMET1999
)
A
.the „ / B.the „ the C./ „ the D./ „ /
解析:答案为
C
。题中
in use
是固定搭配,意为“在使用”,
use
为抽象名词,
其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词
the
。要牢记一些固定搭配如
in use
、
under
construction
(在建设中)、
in
debt
(欠债)、
come
to
power
(执政)、
on fire
(着火)、
at table
(用餐)、
out of work
(失业)等。
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