The Second World War was a global conflict that originated in two distinct theaters of war. The Second Sino-Japanese War, which began in 1937, and the Invasion of Poland in 1939 marked the commencement of hostilities in Asia and Europe, respectively. This war divided nations into two major alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was a devastating conflict, resulting in the tragic loss of over 60 million lives, approximately half of which were Soviet citizens, making it the deadliest war in human history.

The scope of World War II was unprecedented, with countries around the world mobilizing over 100 million military personnel. It was a total war, where the lines between civilian and military life were blurred, and entire nations were mobilized to support the war effort. The war's impact was felt deeply, with nearly two-thirds of the casualties being civilians. The Holocaust, specifically in Eastern Europe, was a horrific example of systematic genocide, resulting in the deaths of nearly 11 million people, including six million Jews who were also targeted by the Nazis.

The war concluded with an Allied victory, reshaping the global order. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the two leading superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which would define international relations for the next four and a half decades. The war also sparked movements for self-determination and independence in Africa and Asia, leading to the decolonization of these regions. In Europe, the war laid the groundwork for the path towards integration.

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