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一般过去时态中不规则动词变化及规律

作者:职业培训 时间: 2025-01-08 07:30:14 阅读:340

(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式与过过分词同形)

cost(花费) cost cost

cut(割) cut cut

hit(打) hit hit

hurt 伤害) hurt hurt

let(让) let let

put(放) put put

read (读) read read

set (设置)set set

(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)

beat(跳动) beat beaten

(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)

become(变成) became become

come(来) came come

run(跑) ran run

(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)

dig(挖) dug dug

get(得到) got got

hang(吊死) hanged hanged

hang(悬挂) hung hung

hold(抓住) held held

shine(照耀) shone shone

sit(坐) sat sat

win (赢) won won

meet(遇见) met met

keep (保持) kept kept

sleep(睡) slept slept

sweep(扫) swept swept

feel(感觉) felt felt

smell(闻) smelt smelt

leave(离开) left left

build(建设) built built

lend(借出) lent lent

send (传送) sent sent

spend(花费) spent spent

lose (丢失) lost lost

burn (燃烧) burnt burnt

learn(学习) learnt learnt

mean(意思是) meant meant

catch(抓住) caught caught

teach(教) taught taught

bring(带来) brought brought

fight (战斗) fought fought

buy(买) bought bought

think(想) thought thought

hear (听见) heard heard

sell(卖) sold sold

tell(告诉) told told

say(说) said said

find(找到) found found

have/has(有) had had

make(制造) made made

stand(站) stood stood

understand明白understood understood

(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)

begin(开始) began begun

drink(喝) drank drunk

ring(铃响) rang rung

sing (唱) sang sung

swim(游泳) swam swum

blow(吹) blew blown

draw (画) drew drawn

fly(飞) flew flown

grow(生长) grew grown

know(知道) knew known

throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown

break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen

forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)

speak(说,讲) spoke spoken

wake(醒) woke woke

drive(驾驶) drove driven

eat(吃) ate eaten

fall(落下) fell fallen

give(给) gave given

rise(升高) rose risen

take(取) took taken

mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken

ride(骑) rode ridden

write(写) wrote written

do(做) did done

go(去) went gone

lie(平躺) lay lain

see(看见) saw seen

wear (穿) wore worn

be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been

  英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加-ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因词而异。

定义:

  英语单词中由动词原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)。

  现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化,例如:

  park→parked (停车--1864)

  fax→faxed (以传真传送--1979)

  e-mail→e-mailed (以电脑网络传送--1982)

  (所附年次为最早用例出现年次--O.E.D.)

  因此,不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者,所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法,也不可能规避这些不规则动词。

  从英语的演变来看,不规则动词就是强势动词(Strong Verbs)--即其词形变化全依其本身之语音(尤其是元音)变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化。例如:

  原形: buy sing speak

  过去式: bought sang spoke

  过去分词: bought sung spoken

  我们学习不规则动词的时候,最有效的方法就是要针对这种词形变化的现象,了解其变化的型式,发出声音背念,使其能自然地隔入我们的speaking和writing,这样才能说确实地把不规则动词学会了。

  注:与强势动词相对,须借助“-ed”之词尾来进行词形变化的规则动词就叫做弱势动词(Weak Verbs)。

不规则动词表

  1)A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形,保持不变,除进行式外)

  词例:

  

动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

cost cost cost 花费

cut cut cut 割,切

hit hit hit 打

put put put 放下

read # read read 读

hurt hurt hurt 受伤

let let let 让

 # “Read” 的“过去式”和“过去分词”的读音和动词原型的不同。

  2) A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)

  词例:

   动词原型 过去式 过去分词 意思

beat beat beaten 打

 3) A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)

  词例:

   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

come came come 来到

become became become 变

run ran run 跑

overcome overcame overcome 征服,打败

 4)A---B---B型(过去式与过去分词同形)

  分为以下情形:

  ① 在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t。

  词例:

   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned / learnt learned / learnt 学习

mean meant meant 含义是

hear heard heard 听见

 ② 把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”。

  词例:

   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

build built built 建筑

lend lent lent 借

send sent sent 传送

spend spent spent 花费

 ③ 其他不规则的各种变化。

  词例:

   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

pay paid paid 付钱 lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 战斗

think thought thought 思考 sleep slept slept 睡觉

feel felt felt 觉得 keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 理解 win won won 胜利

catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教

find found found 发现 get got got 得到

hold held held 握 leave left left 离开

make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见

shoot shot shot 射击 dig dug dug 挖

smell smelt / smelled smelt / smelled 嗅,闻 shine shone / shined shone / shined 发光

sit sat sat 坐下 have had had 有

 5)A---B---C型(三词不同形)

  分为以下情形:

  ① 在动词原形后加-n或-en 构成过去分词 。

   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下

give gave given 给 take took taken 拿,记录,拍摄

see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶

throw threw thrown 抛,扔 blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道

show showed shown 展示 draw drew drawn 拉,绘画,抽签

 ② 过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

speak spoke spoken 说话

break broke broken 破碎

choose chose chosen 选择

forget forgot forgotten 忘记

freeze froze frozen 凝固

 ③ 把单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”变成“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。

   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

begin began begun 开始

ring rang rung 按铃

sing sang sung 唱

sink sank sunk 沉

swim swam swum 游泳

drink drank drunk 喝

 ④ 其他不规则动词的变化。

   动词原形 过去式 过去分词 意思

be (am, is) was been 是

be (are) were been 是

do did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

wear wore worn 穿

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