1.明喻(the simile) 格式:本体 显著比喻词(like/as/as if) 喻体 常用介词like 、连词as,as if,asso、动词seem等以及句型Ato B asCtoD等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。例如: (1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, andmorebrillant. 老师,您像太阳,又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as nobleaspine trees! All praise to you, our belovedteacher.您的心灵像雪一样纯净,您的人格像青松一般高洁!赞美您,敬爱的老师。英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如: (1)as clear as crystal清如水晶 (2)as weak as water软弱无力 这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时,又可以使语言短小精悍,表达生动、形象。2.隐喻(the metaphor) 格是:本体 is/are 喻体 例如: (1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh myfriend,what I scoop up from the river is all yearning ofyou.时间是河、记忆如水,朋友,我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。(2)Time is money. 时间就是金钱。注意:英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。例如 : (1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。(3)This film star is a nine days wonder; I doubt whetheranyonewill remr her in ayearstime.这位电影明星现在红极一时(也指昙花一现),但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。注意:英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如: (1)to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧 (2)to plough the sand 白费力气 (3)up the tree骑虎难下;lame duck强弩之末;above board光明正大 3.借喻(the metonymy) 格式:直接用比喻事物代替本体事物 例如: (1)The buses in America are on strikenow.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses喻指司机drivers)。(2)The pen is mightier thanthesword.文人胜于武士(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外,常可转借喻人,形象生动,意味隽永。例如: (1)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。(接下页)
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