Dictation, as a method for improving listening skills, involves transcribing the entire text of an audio recording. For those preparing for the TOEFL, the best material for dictation is from the old TOEFL lectures. Those with weaker foundations should first spend a month transcribing the second and third volumes of New Concept in American and British versions, followed by transcribing old TOEFL lectures.

"Subconscious listening practice" means creating an English environment. This could involve playing English audio in the morning, whether it's TOEFL listening materials, English radio, or an English movie. This practice enhances English sensitivity through constant exposure. Similar to broad listening, it involves continuous immersion in English.

Summary training involves summarizing the main points of an audio recording after listening. To excel in TOEFL listening, it's not necessary to understand every detail, but grasping the speaker's logic and structure is crucial. This practice can be done by listening to TOEFL lectures and taking notes while listening, then recounting the key content in English after the recording ends. This should be practiced repeatedly until the entire lecture can be recited smoothly.

"Intensive listening" requires deep focus. The process involves listening while reading the original text, marking unfamiliar or vaguely familiar words that you can't immediately recall. After listening, look up these words in the text, noting their meaning in the context. Fast-read the text thoroughly, then listen again while reading, repeating this until you can fully understand without looking at the text.

For intensive listening materials, "SSS" (Scientific American's Sixty-second Science) is highly recommended. It's short yet packed with information, and it's a key source for TOEFL listening questions. Challenging materials for TOEFL preparation include college lectures and recordings available online, offering high difficulty levels. Additionally, completing practice tests from Barron's and Kaplan is essential. If DELTA's difficulty is too low, using speed software to play at 2x speed can increase the challenge, surpassing exam difficulty.

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