空间曲线的弧长积分,只有化为参数方程是常用的
对于Γ:F(x,y,z)和G(x,y,z) = 0
往往可以设为参数方程:x = x(t),y = y(t),z = z(t)
ds = √(dx² + dy² + dz²) dt = √[x'(t)² + y'(t)² + z'(t)²] dt
代入之后就是一个普通的定积分
∫L ƒ(x,y,z) ds
= ∫(α→β) ƒ[x(t),y(t),z(t)] * √[x'(t)² + y'(t)² + z'(t)²] dt
例如Γ是球面x² + y² + z² = 9/2与平面x + z = 1的交线。
将z = 1 - x代入球面方程得(1/2)(x - 1/2)² + (1/4)y² = 1
即[(x - 1/2)/√2]² + (y/2)² = 1
令(x - 1/2)/√2 = cost,y/2 = sint
即x = 1/2 + √2cost,y = 2sint
z = 1 - x = 1 - (1/2 + √2cost) = 1/2 - √2cost
{ x = 1/2 + √2cost
{ y = 2sint
{ z = 1/2 - √2cost
0 ≤ t ≤ 2π
ds = √[x'(t)² + y'(t)² + z'(t)²] dt = 2 dt
所以∫L ƒ(x,y,z) ds
= ∫(0→2π) ƒ(1/2 + √2cost,2sint,1/2 - √2cost) * 2 dt
若ƒ(x,y,z)与曲线方程符合的话,也先将曲线方程代入ƒ(x,y,z)中化简积分
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