which在定语从句作引导词，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语。定语从句引导词的意思根据先行词决定。

which作宾语时可以省略。

Washington which is a beautiful city in the United States.

如果这是一个完整的句子，那就不能用which了。

Washington is a beautiful city in the United States. 这个就对了。

Washington (which is a beautiful city in the United States定语从句) is named from the first president of the country. 加上谓语就成了定语从句了。

华盛顿是美国一个美丽的城市，它是以美国第一任总统的名字命名的。

只用which不用that的情况：

介词+which

非限制性定语从句不用that引导；

that是先行词，当然就不用that了。

who是先行词，定语从句引导词也不用who，而应该用that，避免重复。

Who that knows him wants to make friends with him?

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