连词"that"引导名词性从句作动词"said"的宾语，在这里是为了明确转述内容的范围

先将句子转为直接转述：

→But Juan Guiado said, "the aid would be let in, because it's about saving lives, and the official who block it are keeping medicine and food from people in need."

可以看到Juan的原话中已经带有一个连词"and"。

在做间接转述时，如果没有连词"that"的话，对方可能会认为转述的内容在连词"and"之前就结束。

→But Juan Guiado said, "the aid would be let in, because it's about saving lives,"and the official who block it are keeping medicine and food from people in need.

在语法意义上，这里是分成2个等位的并列句进行转述的：

He said (that)the aid ... , and (he said) thatthe official ... .

2.书面语中应把介词放在关系代词前

先将定语从句复原成一个完整的句子看看：

→You can make progress in a career or an organization by a series of stages.

作为定语从句修饰"a series of stages"的时候，需要把它置换成关系代词"which"并置于被修饰的先行词之后：

→a series of stages whichyou can make progress in a career or an organization by (a series of stages)

但是严格来说，"by a series of stages"是一个整体，因此在书面写作中，把它作为关系代词前置的时候需要带上介词"by"：

→a series of stages by which(=by a series of stages) you can make progress in a career or an organization

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