What引导的特殊疑问句基本结构有两种情况

（一）What + 一般疑问句？

（二）What+名词+一般疑问句？（what后面跟上名词时，what起形容词作用）

具体地说：

系动词做谓语： What + 系动词 + sb / sth？

What + 名词 + 系动词 + sb / sth？

情态动词做谓语：What + 情态动词 + sb / sth + 实义动词？

What + 名词 + 情态动词 + sb / sth + 实义动词？

行为动词做谓语：What + 助动词 + sb / sth + 实义动词？

What + 名词 + 助动词 + sb / sth + 实义动词？

助动词不能单独做谓语。

一、系动词做谓语：

（一）What + 系动词 + sb / sth？

◆询问“是什么”？

What is it / this / that? It is an eraser.

What are they (物)/ these / those？ They are foxes.

What is between the buildings? There are some trees.

What's this in English? It's an orange.

◆询问姓名？

What is your name？ My name is Amy.

◆询问某人的职业？

What are you? I’m a teacher.

What is he? He’s a doctor.

What are they(人)? They are students.

(句型：疑问词+be动词+主语+…… 注意理解下面的句型变化。)

陈述句： He’s a doctor.

转变为一般疑问句： Is he a doctor？

特殊疑问句，对doctor 提问： What is he?

◆询问爱好之最？

What is your favorite fruit?

I like watermelon. (My favorite fruit is watermelon.) (Watermelon.)

(相当于：Which fruit is your like best? I like watermelon best.)

类似的还有：

What is your favorite color? I like pink and blue.

What is your favorite sport? I like play basketball.

◆询问电话号码

What is Amy’s telephone number? 83162548.

◆询问日期？

What is (What’s) the date today? It is January 1st today.

◆询问天气情况

What is the weather like (in winter) (in Beijing)? It is cold and windy.

◆询问某人的外貌特征

What is she like? She is tall and thin. （She is like her mother. ）

注释：这里的like是介词，表示“像”“如….一样”。用于要求别人描述某人/某物或者给出他们的意见。

◆询问运算结果

What is ten plus seven？ It is seventeen。

（二）What + 名词 + 系动词 + sb / sth？

◆询问星期几？

What day is today / tomorrow? (What day is it today / tomorrow?)

It’s Monday / Tuesday / Wednesday / Thursday / Friday / Saturday / Sunday.

◆询问钟点？

What time is it? 几点了？ It is 8:00. （eight.）（8:00.）（8 o’clock.）

◆询问颜色

What color is your shirt？It is pink.

◆询问存在范围

What class / grade are you in? We are in class two / grade three.

二、情态动词做谓语：

◆询问能力

What can you do at home? I can sweep the floor. (I can wash the clothes.)

What can you see on the desk？ I can see some erasers.

◆询问意愿？

What would you like to do? I would like to have a picnic.

What would you like for lunch? I would like some green beans.

注释：would like to do = want to do

这里的like是行为动词，意思是“喜欢”。

三、行为动词做谓语：

（一）What + 助动词 + sb / sth + 实义动词？

◆询问正在干什么？

What are you doing? I am making a birthday card.

What are you doing? We are studying hard.

What are the elephants doing? They are sleeping.

注释：这里的are是助动词，而不是系动词。它跟doing一起构成现在时时态。

◆询问将要干什么？

What are you going to do next weekend？

We are going to our grandparents.

What are you going to be？

I am going to be a teacher.

注释：这里的are是助动词，而不是系动词。它跟going to一起构成将来时时态。

◆询问某人的职业？

What do you do? I am a policeman.

What do you do? We are teachers.

◆询问生活习惯？

What do you (usually) do on the weekend? I often go hiking.

◆询问一日三餐

What do you have for dinner? I have beef and rice.

◆询问课程？

What (classes) do you have on Wednesday？ We have English and Art.

（二）What + 名词 + 助动词 + sb / sth + 实义动词？

◆What classes do you have on Wednesday？ We have English and Art.

What sports do you like？（对宾语提问）I like basketball.

四、常用的特殊句型：

◆What about you？

询问情况或打听消息。当对方谈的事情不明确，需要询问清楚时，也可用这一句型。如：

I'd like a cup of tea. What about you? 我想喝杯茶，你呢？

寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。如：

I'm a student. What about you? 我是学生，你呢？

初探what引导的特殊疑问句

以what引导的特殊疑问句是英语中常见的一种疑问句，现在我们来看看它的一些简单用法。

what一词的意思为“什么”，单独使用用来询问某物是什么。例如课文Starter部分Unit 2中的“What's this in English?”句式就是这类问句，回答用 “It's + a / an + 名词单数”。如：

—What's this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？

—It's an orange. 这是一个橘子。

—What's that in English? 那个用英语怎么说？

—It's a map. 那是一张地图。

若要询问某些物体是什么，可用“What are these / those in English? 这（那）些东西用英语怎么说？”句式提问。回答用 “They're +名词复数”。如：

—What are these in English? 这些东西用英语怎么说？

—They are rulers. 它们是尺子。

—What are those in English? 那些东西用英语怎么说？

—They are pens. 它们是钢笔。

what和一些名词搭配可用来对多种情形提问。例如：what color 用来问颜色；what time用来问时间；what size用来问尺寸；what kind用来问种类等等。如：

1. —What color is the key? 这把钥匙是什么颜色？

—It's yellow. 它是黄色的。

2. —What time is it now? 现在是什么时间？

—It's 6:00 in the morning. 是早晨6点。

3. —What size shoes do you wear? 你穿多大号码的鞋？

—Size 41. 41号。

4. —What kind of ruler do you want? 你想要哪种尺子？

—I want the small one. 我想要小的。

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