就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致as well as；（together/along/combined）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from, like, as much as, no less than 就近原则：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致

这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法 不同。

raise:抚养，养育；rise:站起来，起义，反抗raise-raised-raised rise-rose-risen

raise是及物动词，发出此动作的通常是人,可用于被动语态，意为“举起、提高”如抬头、举手（目重物等），还可用作比喻，如提高政治觉悟（生活水平、地位、名誉、声音等）。

rise是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，意为“上升”、“升起”、“起身”、“起立（此时主语是人）

不定式的固定短语（to do sth)

1.would like to do sth 2.want to do sth 3.stop to sth 4.remember to do sth 5.forget to do sth 6.decide to do sth 7.ask to do sth 8.tell to do sth 9.order sb to do sth 10.try to do sth 11.try one`s best to do sth 12.start to do sth 13.begin to do sth 14.teach sb to do sth 15.it`s time to do sth = it`s time for sth 16.it takes sb st to do sth 17.it`s good / bad for sb to do sth 18.it`s necessary / important for sb to do sth 19.it`s safe / dangerous for sb to do sth 20.it`s ready to do sth = it`s ready for sth 21.be happy to do sth = be nice to do sth = be glad to do sth = be great to do sth 22.be afraid to do sth 23.need to do sth 24.hope sb to do sth = wish sb to do sth 25.tell sb the way to sp 26.be sorry to do sth 27.be sure to do sth 28.it`s adj enough for sb to do sth 29.agree to do sth 30.it`s one`s turn to do sth 31.sb have / has no time to do sth 32.afford to do sth 33.be surprised to do sth = to one`s surprised = be surprised at sth 34.invite sb to do sth 35.learn to do sth

like doing sth 2. enjoy doing sth 3.have fun doing sth 4.hate doing sth 5. dislike doing sth 6.stop doing sth 7. remember doing sth 8.forget doing sth 9.begin doing sth 10.start doing sth 11.see sb doing sth 12.hear sb doing sth 13.watch sb doing sth 14.find sb doing sth 15.finish doing sth 16.go on doing sth 17.try doing sth 18.sb spend st / sm (in) doing sth 19.practice doing sth 20.would sb mind doing sth 21.keep sb doing dth 22.be busy doing sth = be busy with sth 23.be with doing sth 24.stop sb from doing sth = prevent sb from dong sth = keep sb from doing sth 25.what about doing sth = how about doing sth

动词原形的固定短语（do sth)

1.make sb do sth 2.let sb do sth 3.help sb (to) do sth 4.see sb do sth = hear sb do sth = watch sb do sth = find sb do sth 5.you`d better do sth — you`d better not do sth 6.why don`t sb do sth = why not do sth

except表示“除去，不包括”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示同类之间的关系，常同nothing, all, none, nobody, any以及every连用。except 经常接名词或代词，但也可接副词except for也表示“除…以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。它同except的区别是：except for后接的词同句子中的整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面；而except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分,besides意思是除了什么之外还有

used to是一个固定结构，它的意思是“过去经常、以前常常”，它的后面用动词原形，它表示过去存在某种状态或者过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在，所以它只能用一般过去时，不能用现在时态。 1. 它的陈述句的肯定形式：主语＋used to＋动词原形。

例如：I used to play with my friends after school. 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。 它的否定形式：主语＋didn’t＋use to＋动词原形。

例如：You didn’t use to like pop songs. 你过去常常不喜欢流行歌曲。 3. 它的一般疑问句形式：Did＋主语＋use to＋动词原形＋其他？

例如：Did your sister use to be quiet? 你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？

used to的状语可以用副词always，often，sometimes等，但是仍然是过去的习惯，不是指现在的

习惯，所以不能用一般现在时。

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